House of Peace Synagogue

The House of Peace Synagogue, a historic gem nestled in the heart of Columbia, South Carolina, is a testament to the rich cultural tapestry and vibrant history of the region. Originally established by the Beth Shalom Congregation, this synagogue has transformed over the years, evolving from a place of worship into a lively social hub, and finally into a cherished historical landmark. Its story is one of resilience, community, and transformation, making it a must-visit for anyone interested in the diverse history of Columbia.

The Origins of the House of Peace Synagogue

The roots of the House of Peace Synagogue trace back to the early 20th century when a group of Orthodox Jews in Columbia sought a dedicated place of worship. Initially meeting in a modest house at the corner of Park and Lady Street, the congregation was officially recognized in 1912. However, a fire in 1915 destroyed their first synagogue, prompting the construction of a new one at 1318 Park Street. This building served as a spiritual home for the community until the late 1920s when the congregation outgrew the space and relocated to a larger synagogue on Marion Street.

A New Chapter: The Big Apple Club

After the congregation moved, the old synagogue took on a new life as the Big Apple Club, an African American nightclub that became famous for a dance craze known as the Big Apple. This dance, observed by white students from the University of South Carolina, quickly gained popularity and spread to New York City in 1937, where it became a nationwide sensation. The Big Apple Club was more than just a dance hall; it was a cultural phenomenon that bridged communities and brought people together through music and movement.

Preservation and Relocation

As the years passed, the building underwent various transformations, serving different commercial purposes, including housing a heating and air conditioning business. Recognizing its historical significance, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 28, 1979. In the early 1980s, it was carefully relocated to its current position at the southeast corner of Hampton and Park Street, preserving its architectural integrity and historical value.

Architectural Features

The House of Peace Synagogue is an exquisite example of Eastern European Jewish architecture, reflecting the heritage of the Polish and Russian immigrants who built it. The two-story wooden structure is crowned with a gabled metal roof, and its façade features a prominent central bay with a grand entrance. Flanked by wooden pilasters, the doorway is adorned with stained glass sidelights and a fanlight beneath a large arch. High, narrow stained glass windows with horseshoe arches grace the building's sides, casting colorful patterns of light into the interior.

The Interior: A Blend of Cultures

Inside, the synagogue's central dome once dazzled visitors during its nightclub days with neon lights in the shapes of crescents and shooting stars. A balcony at the front of the building, which served as a viewing gallery during its time as a club, remains a striking feature. This blend of sacred and secular elements gives the interior a unique charm, reflecting its multifaceted history.

A Community Landmark

In 1993, the Historic Columbia Foundation acquired the building, restoring it to its former glory and ensuring its preservation for future generations. Today, known as the Big Apple, it serves as a venue for events and gatherings, continuing its legacy as a place of community and celebration. The foundation's efforts have made it possible for visitors to experience the rich history and vibrant culture that this building embodies.

Visiting the House of Peace Synagogue

Visitors to the House of Peace Synagogue can immerse themselves in the stories of those who walked its halls, from its origins as a sacred space to its vibrant days as a nightclub. The building stands as a symbol of Columbia's diverse cultural history, inviting guests to explore and appreciate the myriad influences that have shaped the city.

Conclusion

The House of Peace Synagogue is not just a building; it is a living testament to the resilience and adaptability of a community that has embraced change while honoring its past. Whether you're a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply curious about the cultural evolution of Columbia, a visit to this remarkable landmark will leave you with a deeper appreciation for the stories and spirit that define this dynamic city.