Woodmen of Union Building

The Woodmen of Union Building stands as a testament to the rich history and cultural heritage of Hot Springs, Arkansas. Located at 501 Malvern Avenue, this four-story structure is not just a building but a symbol of the African-American community's resilience and dedication to progress in the early 20th century. Constructed between 1923 and 1924, the building was the brainchild of the Supreme Lodge of the Woodmen of Union, an African-American social organization that sought to create a multifunctional space for its members and the broader community.

The Architectural Grandeur

The Woodmen of Union Building is a marvel of early 20th-century architecture. Its main facade is adorned with an elaborate projecting entrance portico, featuring an elliptical-arch opening supported by fluted pilasters. The structure is primarily built out of brick and ceramic blocks, with the southeastern section showcasing wood framing and finishing on the upper levels. The building's design is both functional and aesthetically pleasing, reflecting the architectural trends of the era while incorporating unique elements that set it apart.

A Multifunctional Hub

Upon its completion, the Woodmen of Union Building served multiple purposes, acting as a bathhouse, hotel, hospital, bank, and performance venue. The building housed a 100-bed hospital and nurses' training school, providing essential healthcare services and education to the African-American community. The 75-room bath hotel offered luxurious accommodations, while the Woodmen of Union Bank provided financial services, fostering economic growth and stability. The building also featured a 2,500-seat auditorium, which became a cultural hotspot, hosting performances by legendary musicians such as Count Basie and Duke Ellington.

A Cultural and Social Landmark

The building's significance extends beyond its architectural and functional aspects. It was a beacon of hope and progress for the African-American community during a time of segregation and racial discrimination. The Supreme Lodge of the Woodmen of Union envisioned the building as a place where African-Americans could access quality healthcare, education, and entertainment, all under one roof. The building's construction and operation were a testament to the community's determination to create opportunities and improve their quality of life.

Transition and Decline

In 1950, the National Baptist Association purchased the building, renaming it the National Baptist Hotel and Bath House. The association expanded the bathhouse and improved the facilities, continuing the building's legacy as a center for health and wellness. However, as segregation came to an end in the 1970s and integrated public facilities became more prevalent, the National Baptist Hotel saw a decline in clientele. By 1981, the building had closed its doors, marking the end of an era.

Preservation Efforts

Despite its closure, the Woodmen of Union Building remains a significant historical landmark. In 1984, efforts were made to redevelop the building, although these plans were eventually abandoned. In 1991, Hawk Management Group, Inc., of Northern Nevada, purchased the building, signaling a renewed interest in preserving this piece of history. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997, ensuring that its legacy would be recognized and protected for future generations.

A Symbol of Resilience

Today, the Woodmen of Union Building stands as a symbol of resilience and perseverance. It is a reminder of the African-American community's efforts to create a space where they could thrive despite the challenges they faced. The building's rich history and architectural beauty continue to captivate visitors, offering a glimpse into a bygone era. As you walk through its halls, you can almost hear the echoes of the past, from the bustling activity of the hospital and bank to the lively performances in the auditorium.

Visiting the Woodmen of Union Building

For those interested in history, architecture, or African-American heritage, a visit to the Woodmen of Union Building is a must. The building's exterior alone is worth the trip, with its intricate details and grandeur. While the interior may no longer serve its original purposes, the building's historical significance remains intact. Visitors can take a moment to reflect on the impact this building had on the community and the countless lives it touched.

In conclusion, the Woodmen of Union Building is more than just a structure; it is a monument to the strength and determination of the African-American community in Hot Springs, Arkansas. Its rich history, architectural beauty, and cultural significance make it a must-visit destination for anyone looking to explore the diverse tapestry of American history. As you stand before this magnificent building, take a moment to appreciate the vision and hard work that went into creating such a remarkable landmark.