First White House of the Confederacy

Stepping into the First White House of the Confederacy in Montgomery, Alabama, is like opening a time capsule to a pivotal moment in American history. This stately residence, with its Italianate-style architecture and meticulously preserved interiors, offers a fascinating glimpse into the early days of the Confederacy and the life of its first and only president, Jefferson Davis. Nestled in the heart of Montgomery, this historic house is a must-visit for history buffs and curious tourists alike.

A Glimpse into History

The First White House of the Confederacy was constructed between 1832 and 1835 by William Sayre, a prominent Montgomery merchant. Originally located at the corner of Bibb and Lee Streets, this two-story wooden frame house has witnessed the ebb and flow of history. Its Italianate design, characterized by a hipped roof, heavy bracketed cornice, and fluted columns, reflects the architectural tastes of the mid-19th century. The house’s elegant facade, painted in white and green, stands as a testament to the craftsmanship of the era.

The Executive Mansion

In February 1861, as the Provisional Confederate Congress convened in Montgomery, the need for an executive mansion became apparent. Edmond Harrison, the house's owner at the time, offered to lease it to the Confederate government for $5,000 per year, fully furnished and staffed. Jefferson Davis and his family moved in, bringing additional furnishings from their home in Biloxi, Mississippi. The mansion quickly became the epicenter of Confederate political and social life.

During their stay, the Davises hosted numerous lavish parties and social gatherings, establishing the house as a hub of Southern hospitality. Varina Davis, the First Lady, was known for her grace and charm, and her events were well-attended and meticulously managed. The house’s double parlors, connected by sliding doors, provided the perfect setting for these grand occasions.

The Move to Richmond

In May 1861, the Confederate capital was relocated to Richmond, Virginia. The Davises vacated the Montgomery mansion on May 27, 1861, and moved to their new residence, the Second White House of the Confederacy. The Montgomery house, having served its purpose, reverted to private ownership and eventually fell into the hands of the Tyson family in 1871.

Preservation and Restoration

The journey to preserve the First White House of the Confederacy began in earnest in the early 20th century. The United Daughters of the Confederacy spearheaded efforts to save the house, but it wasn’t until the establishment of the White House Association of Alabama in 1900 that significant progress was made. In 1919, with the help of a $25,000 appropriation from the Alabama Legislature, the house was purchased and moved to its current location at 644 Washington Street.

By 1921, the house had been meticulously restored to its former glory. Today, it stands as a beacon of historical preservation, offering visitors a window into the past. The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage, ensuring its protection for future generations.

Exploring the House

Visitors to the First White House of the Confederacy are treated to a rich tapestry of history and architecture. The central stairhall provides access to the double parlor, two bedrooms, and a back hallway. The parlors, with their simple wooden doorways and period furnishings, evoke the elegance of 19th-century Southern living. The bedrooms, similarly adorned, offer a glimpse into the private lives of the Davis family.

The house’s unique features, such as the Liberty cap design on the cornice ventilation system and the flower motif on the rear wing, showcase the attention to detail in its construction. The central entrance, framed by pilasters and a transom with an architrave, welcomes visitors with an air of grandeur.

Contemporary Relevance

As of 2023, the First White House of the Confederacy remains open to the public, inviting visitors to explore its storied past. However, its presentation of history has not been without controversy. Critics, including Alabama State Senator Hank Sanders, have raised concerns about the house’s portrayal of the Confederacy and the omission of slavery as a central issue leading to the Civil War. Despite these debates, the house continues to receive state funding, ensuring its continued operation and preservation.

Conclusion

A visit to the First White House of the Confederacy is more than a step back in time; it’s an opportunity to engage with a complex and multifaceted chapter of American history. The house’s walls echo with the stories of those who lived and worked within them, offering a poignant reminder of the nation’s past. Whether you’re a history enthusiast or a casual tourist, this historic residence in Montgomery, Alabama, is an unmissable destination that promises to enlighten and inspire.