Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site

Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site, nestled in the picturesque town of Newburgh, New York, is a treasure trove of American history. Overlooking the majestic Hudson River, this historic site, also known as Hasbrouck House, served as General George Washington's command post during the final, pivotal year and a half of the American Revolutionary War. With its rich historical significance, charming architecture, and scenic surroundings, it offers a captivating journey back in time for visitors of all ages.

Early History (1750–1782)

The origins of Washington's Headquarters date back to 1725 when the first fieldstone farmhouse was possibly built by Burger Mynderse. However, the property truly began to take shape under the ownership of Jonathan Hasbrouck and his wife, Catherine Dubois. The couple constructed the existing structure in 1750, with subsequent additions over the next two decades, transforming it into the house that stands today. Initially, the Hasbroucks operated a large stock farm, but their entrepreneurial spirit led them to build a gristmill and a dock on the Hudson River, facilitating trade with New York City and significantly boosting their wealth.

The house itself is a fine example of Dutch Vernacular architecture, featuring distinctive Dutch Jambless fireplaces. These fireplaces, devoid of metal jambs, were unique to the period and region, adding a touch of historical authenticity to the home. The house's interior and exterior bear witness to the lives and times of the Hasbrouck family, who played a crucial role in the local economy and community.

Washington's Headquarters (1782–1783)

On April 1, 1782, General George Washington chose the Hasbrouck House as his headquarters, marking the beginning of a momentous period in American history. For 16 months and 19 days, Washington directed the Continental Army from this very site, making it his longest stay at any headquarters during the war. Although Washington traveled frequently to attend to military and governmental matters, the Hasbrouck House remained his official base.

Upon Washington's arrival, several modifications were made to the house to better accommodate the General and his staff. A temporary kitchen was constructed outside, and existing buildings such as stables and barns were expanded. Inside, an English-style fireplace was added to Washington's bedroom, and a new door was installed to provide direct access to the exterior kitchen. Despite these changes, the house retains much of its original charm and character, offering visitors a glimpse into the past.

Significant Events

The Newburgh Letter

One of the most notable events during Washington's stay at the Hasbrouck House was the receipt of the infamous Newburgh letter from Lewis Nicola in March 1782. The letter criticized the Congress of the Confederation and suggested that Washington should become the king of the United States. Washington's vehement rejection of this proposal underscored his commitment to republicanism and his resolve to avoid the trappings of monarchy. In honor of this rejection, the street on which the headquarters is located was renamed Liberty Street.

Badge of Military Merit

On August 7, 1782, Washington issued a general order establishing the Badge of Military Merit, an award for enlisted men and non-commissioned officers who demonstrated long and faithful service or acts of heroism. This badge, considered the precursor to the modern Purple Heart, was awarded to only three men during Washington's tenure at the headquarters. The awards were presented personally by Washington on the front lawn of the Hasbrouck House, marking a significant moment in the history of American military decorations.

Exploring Washington's Headquarters

Visitors to Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site can explore the meticulously preserved house and its surroundings, gaining insights into the lives of both the Hasbrouck family and General Washington. The site offers guided tours that delve into the rich history of the house, its architectural features, and the significant events that took place there.

The house's interior is a fascinating blend of original features and period-appropriate furnishings, providing an authentic glimpse into 18th-century life. The Dutch Jambless fireplaces, the English-style addition, and the various modifications made during Washington's stay all contribute to the house's unique character and historical significance.

Outside, the grounds offer a serene and picturesque setting, with views of the Hudson River and the surrounding landscape. The site also features a museum with exhibits on the Revolutionary War, Washington's time at the headquarters, and the Hasbrouck family's contributions to the local community.

A Living Monument to American History

Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site is more than just a historic house; it is a living monument to the American Revolution and the principles upon which the United States was founded. The stories it holds, from Washington's leadership to the Hasbrouck family's entrepreneurial spirit, are woven into the fabric of American history.

Whether you're a history enthusiast, a student of architecture, or simply a curious traveler, a visit to Washington's Headquarters offers a unique and enriching experience. As you walk through the rooms where Washington once strategized and gaze out over the Hudson River, you'll feel a profound connection to the past and a deeper appreciation for the events that shaped the nation.

In conclusion, Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site in Newburgh, New York, is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in American history. Its rich heritage, captivating stories, and beautiful setting make it a place where the past comes alive, offering a memorable journey through time and a deeper understanding of the nation's revolutionary legacy.