Minnesota State Capitol

The Minnesota State Capitol in Saint Paul stands as a beacon of architectural splendor and historical significance. This magnificent structure, which serves as the seat of government for the state of Minnesota, is not only a hub of political activity but also a symbol of the state's rich heritage and cultural pride.

The History of the Minnesota State Capitol

The current Minnesota State Capitol is actually the third building to serve this purpose. The first Capitol, constructed in 1853, was a modest structure that quickly became inadequate as the state's population and governmental needs grew. Tragically, it was destroyed by fire in 1881. The second Capitol, completed in 1883, was a grander affair but still fell short in terms of space and fireproofing. This led to the construction of the present Capitol building, designed by the renowned architect Cass Gilbert.

Completed in 1905, the current Capitol was inspired by the Beaux-Arts style and influenced by the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Gilbert's design also drew inspiration from McKim, Mead & White's Rhode Island State House. The construction of this grand edifice was a monumental task, involving dozens of companies and hundreds of workers. Despite the challenges, including the loss of six workers due to unsafe conditions, the Capitol was completed at a cost of $4.5 million and opened its doors to the public on January 2, 1905.

Exploring the Minnesota State Capitol

Visitors to the Minnesota State Capitol are greeted by a stunning façade of Georgia white marble, a choice that sparked controversy at the time due to the preference for local materials. However, the marble's elegance and durability have stood the test of time. The building's structure consists of a steel and cast iron frame, with load-bearing brick and stone masonry walls. The interior features Guastavino tile vaulting and a wealth of beautiful materials, including Kasota limestone and Hauteville limestone for the grand staircases.

One of the most striking features of the Capitol is its dome, the second largest self-supported marble dome in the world, after Saint Peter's Basilica in the Vatican. The dome is actually composed of three layers: an outer self-supporting dome of marble blocks, a brick and steel cone that supports the lantern and golden sphere at the top, and an inner decorative dome visible from the rotunda. The dome is adorned with 12 marble eagles and a columned stone lantern, topped by a finial globe covered in gold leaf.

The Interior and Art of the Capitol

Inside the Capitol, visitors can explore a wealth of historical and artistic treasures. The rotunda, with its soaring dome and intricate mosaics, is a breathtaking sight. The building houses the chambers of the Minnesota Senate and House of Representatives, as well as the offices of the Governor and Attorney General. The Supreme Court also has a chamber within the Capitol, although most court activities take place in the neighboring Minnesota Judicial Center.

The Capitol is home to an impressive collection of art, including murals, sculptures, and historic paintings. These works of art were meticulously cleaned and restored during the extensive renovation that took place from 2013 to 2017. This restoration project also involved replacing infrastructure, adding new mechanical systems, and enhancing safety and accessibility features.

The Grounds and Monuments

The Capitol is set within a beautifully landscaped campus that includes the Capitol Mall to the south, Leif Erikson Park to the west, and Judicial Plaza to the east. These green spaces are dotted with various monuments and memorials that pay tribute to Minnesota's history and its people. Notable monuments include the statues of prominent figures such as John A. Johnson and Knute Nelson, as well as memorials dedicated to veterans and other significant groups.

A Living Monument

The Minnesota State Capitol is not just a static monument; it is a living, breathing part of the state's cultural and political life. It hosts numerous events, from legislative sessions to public tours and educational programs. The Capitol is a place where history is made and remembered, where the past and present come together in a harmonious blend of architecture, art, and civic engagement.

In conclusion, the Minnesota State Capitol is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in architecture, history, or governance. Its majestic dome, exquisite interiors, and rich history make it a true gem of Saint Paul and a proud symbol of the state of Minnesota. Whether you're a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or just a curious traveler, the Capitol offers a fascinating glimpse into the heart of Minnesota's heritage and identity.