Hampton National Historic Site

Hampton National Historic Site, nestled in the Hampton area north of Towson, Maryland, is a captivating glimpse into America's past. This historic estate, once the largest private home in the United States, offers visitors a chance to step back in time and explore the grandeur of Georgian architecture, the opulence of 18th and 19th-century aristocracy, and the complex history of slavery in America.

A Journey Through Time: The History of Hampton

The story of Hampton begins in 1745 when Col. Charles Ridgely, a tobacco farmer and trader, acquired the land. By the late 1750s, the estate had expanded to over 10,000 acres and included ironworks, gristmills, apple orchards, and stone quarries. The construction of the grand Hampton Mansion began in 1783, inspired by England's Castle Howard. Completed in 1790, it stood as the largest private home in America at the time.

When Capt. Charles Ridgely passed away in 1790, his nephew, Charles Carnan Ridgely, inherited the estate. Under his stewardship, Hampton reached its zenith, expanding to 25,000 acres and becoming a hub of agricultural and industrial activity. The estate produced corn, beef cattle, dairy products, hogs, and horses, and more than 300 enslaved people worked the fields and served the household, making Hampton one of Maryland's largest slaveholding estates.

Exploring the Mansion and Grounds

Visitors to Hampton National Historic Site are greeted by the majestic Georgian mansion, a testament to the architectural prowess of the 18th century. The mansion's elegant façade, with its grand portico and stately columns, sets the stage for a journey into the past. Inside, the Great Hall, measuring 51 feet by 21 feet, was once a venue for lavish gatherings and state ceremonies. Prominent guests, including Charles Carroll of Carrollton and the Marquis de Lafayette, were entertained here.

The mansion is adorned with period furnishings, artworks, and artifacts that offer a glimpse into the life of the Ridgely family. One notable piece is the portrait of Eliza Ridgely, known as Lady with a Harp, painted by Thomas Sully. Eliza, an avid horticulturist, played a significant role in the development of the estate's gardens, which were renowned for their beauty and variety.

The Gardens: A Horticultural Marvel

The grounds of Hampton are a horticultural marvel, featuring formal gardens, terraced parterres, and an orangery. The gardens were meticulously designed by prominent artisans of the time and planted with roses, peonies, and seasonal flowers. The orangery, built in 1820, housed an extensive collection of citrus trees, exotic plants, and colorful coleus from Asia. During the warm months, the potted citrus plants were displayed around the gardens, creating a vibrant and fragrant landscape.

Several trees on the estate are over 200 years old, standing as living witnesses to the history that unfolded here. The gardens have been restored to resemble their appearance during the 1820s, allowing visitors to experience the splendor of the past.

Understanding the Complex History of Slavery

Hampton National Historic Site also offers a sobering look at the history of slavery in America. The original stone slave quarters, one of the few surviving examples of such structures, provide insight into the lives of the enslaved people who labored on the estate. The overseer's house and other preserved structures further illuminate the harsh realities of plantation life.

Charles Carnan Ridgely, who served as governor of Maryland from 1816 to 1819, freed Hampton's enslaved people in his will. However, the legacy of slavery continued to impact the estate long after emancipation, as former enslaved people transitioned to paid household servants and other laborers.

The Decline and Preservation of Hampton

As the 20th century dawned, the Ridgely family faced challenges in maintaining the vast estate. The decline of local agriculture and the growth of nearby Baltimore led to financial difficulties. Portions of the estate were sold off, and by 1948, the Hampton Mansion and the remaining 43 acres were acquired by the Avalon Foundation. The mansion was designated a National Historic Site, becoming the first site selected for its architectural significance.

Today, the National Park Service manages Hampton National Historic Site, ensuring the preservation of its cultural and historical resources. The site offers guided tours, educational programs, and special events that bring the history of Hampton to life for visitors of all ages.

Visiting Hampton National Historic Site

A visit to Hampton National Historic Site is a journey into America's past, offering a unique blend of architectural beauty, horticultural splendor, and historical significance. Whether you're exploring the grand mansion, strolling through the restored gardens, or reflecting on the complex history of slavery, Hampton provides a profound and enriching experience.

In conclusion, Hampton National Historic Site stands as a testament to the grandeur and complexity of America's history. Its walls echo the stories of the Ridgely family, the enslaved people who labored here, and the many guests who walked its halls. A visit to Hampton is not just a step back in time but a deeper understanding of the forces that shaped this nation. Don't miss the opportunity to explore this remarkable historic site and uncover the layers of history that make it a truly unique destination.