Fort Henry Bridge

Spanning the majestic Ohio River, the Fort Henry Bridge in Wheeling, West Virginia, is a marvel of mid-20th-century engineering and a vital artery connecting the bustling Wheeling Island to downtown Wheeling. This striking tied-arch bridge, carrying four lanes of Interstate 70, U.S. Route 40, and U.S. Route 250, is more than just a functional structure; it's a testament to human ingenuity and perseverance.

The History of Fort Henry Bridge

The Fort Henry Bridge has a storied past that dates back to its construction in the early 1950s. Contracts for this ambitious project were awarded to the American Bridge Company, a subsidiary of U.S. Steel, and Dravo Corporation of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Despite facing numerous challenges, including a budget overrun of $1.8 million, the bridge was completed and opened to traffic on September 8, 1955. The grand opening was a momentous occasion, marked by a ribbon-cutting ceremony attended by then-governor William C. Marland and a crowd of 55,000 to 60,000 people.

Originally named the Ninth Street Bridge, it was later renamed to honor Fort Henry, a significant historical site named after Patrick Henry, the governor of Virginia Territory during the American Revolutionary War. The bridge's construction was a response to the growing need for a reliable crossing over the Ohio River, complementing the aging Wheeling Suspension Bridge and alleviating traffic congestion.

Architectural and Engineering Marvel

The Fort Henry Bridge is an impressive example of a tied-arch bridge, a design that was relatively novel at the time of its construction. It was only the second tied-arch bridge to span the Ohio River. The bridge's design features a long, sweeping arch that gracefully stretches over the river, supported by robust piers anchored in the riverbed. This design not only provides structural integrity but also offers a visually stunning silhouette against the backdrop of the Ohio River and the rolling hills of West Virginia.

The bridge spans the main channel of the Ohio River, connecting Wheeling Island to the mainland. It forms the easternmost portion of a mile-long chain of elevated structures that traverse Wheeling Creek in Ohio, the Ohio River back channel, and Wheeling Island itself. This intricate network of bridges and elevated roadways ensures seamless connectivity and efficient traffic flow in the region.

A Vital Transportation Link

As a critical transportation link, the Fort Henry Bridge plays a pivotal role in the daily lives of thousands of commuters and travelers. In 2009, the bridge carried an average of over 60,000 vehicles per day, a significant increase from the 18,000 vehicles recorded in 1956, the first year traffic data was published. This dramatic rise in traffic volume underscores the bridge's importance as a major thoroughfare in the region.

Truck traffic, in particular, relies heavily on the Fort Henry Bridge, as the Wheeling Suspension Bridge is closed to trucks. This restriction ensures that the Fort Henry Bridge remains the primary route for commercial vehicles, facilitating the movement of goods and services across the Ohio River.

Renovations and Maintenance

Over the years, the Fort Henry Bridge has undergone several renovations to maintain its structural integrity and ensure the safety of its users. One notable renovation took place in 1990, which included the replacement of the bridge deck. Regular maintenance and inspections by the West Virginia Department of Transportation (WVDOT) ensure that the bridge remains in optimal condition, capable of handling the high volume of traffic it supports.

Historical Significance and Recognition

The Fort Henry Bridge is not only a functional piece of infrastructure but also a structure of historical significance. It earned an Honorable Mention in 1955 from the National Steel Bridge Alliance, a part of the American Institute of Steel Construction, which recognizes the best steel bridges of the year. This accolade highlights the bridge's exceptional design and construction quality.

The bridge has also witnessed its share of dramatic events. In January 2005, the Fort Henry Bridge, along with the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Bridge and the Wheeling Suspension Bridge, was temporarily closed due to barges breaking loose during heavy flooding along the Ohio River. This incident underscored the importance of the bridge in the region's transportation network and the need for robust safety measures.

Experiencing the Fort Henry Bridge

For visitors to Wheeling, the Fort Henry Bridge offers more than just a means of crossing the Ohio River. It provides a unique vantage point to appreciate the beauty of the river and the surrounding landscape. As you drive across the bridge, you'll be treated to panoramic views of the Ohio River, Wheeling Island, and the picturesque hills of West Virginia. The bridge's elegant arch and sturdy design are a testament to the engineering prowess of its creators and a symbol of Wheeling's rich history and vibrant future.

In conclusion, the Fort Henry Bridge is a remarkable structure that blends functionality with historical significance and architectural beauty. Whether you're a history enthusiast, an engineering aficionado, or simply a traveler passing through, the Fort Henry Bridge is a must-see landmark that embodies the spirit of innovation and resilience. So, the next time you find yourself in Wheeling, take a moment to appreciate this iconic bridge and the vital role it plays in connecting communities and shaping the region's future.